The Growing Importance of Triglycerides in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management

As we strive to better understand the complexities of cardiovascular disease, it has become increasingly clear that triglycerides play a crucial role in evaluating and managing risk. In fact, recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel IV (ATP IV) has recognized the importance of triglycerides in assessing cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for effective lifestyle strategies to lower triglyceride levels and improve overall cardiometabolic health. This scientific statement aims to update clinicians on the growing role of triglycerides in CVD risk assessment and management.

In contrast to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which have decreased over time, mean triglyceride levels have actually risen since 1976, coinciding with the growing epidemic of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. This alarming trend highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach to understanding the relationship between triglycerides and cardiovascular disease.

Recent insights into the atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), genetic and metabolic regulators of triglyceride metabolism, and classification and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex issue. National Institutes of Health consensus conferences have also evaluated the evidentiary role of triglycerides in cardiovascular risk assessment and provided therapeutic recommendations for hypertriglyceridemic states.

The long-standing association between elevated triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease is well established. In fact, studies have consistently shown that high triglyceride levels are a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, including stroke, coronary heart disease, and peripheral artery disease.

In conclusion, the importance of triglycerides in assessing cardiovascular risk cannot be overstated. As we continue to unravel the complexities of this relationship, it is essential that clinicians stay up-to-date on the latest evidence-based guidelines for managing triglyceride levels and reducing CVD risk.

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